Association of Sociodemographic Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, and Chronic Low Back Pain with Sarcopenia among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in West Jakarta, Indonesia

Background Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, leading to disability and reduced quality of life. Several factors, including sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes mellitus, and chronic low back pain, are suspected to contribute to sarcopenia. However, evidence from community-dwelling older adults in Indonesia remains limited. Methods An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 122 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 years in West Jakarta municipality. Sociodemographic data and chronic low back pain were obtained using structured questionnaires. Diabetes mellitus was determined by fasting blood glucose measurement. Sarcopenia was assessed according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia. Statistical analysis used the Chi-square test. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia was 11.5%. Diabetes mellitus was present in 15.6% of participants, while 36.1% reported chronic low back pain. No statistically significant relationship were found between sarcopenia and age (p = 0.117), sex (p = 0.997), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.521), or chronic low back pain (p = 0.225). Conclusions Sociodemographic factors, diabetes mellitus, and chronic low back pain were not significantly associated with sarcopenia in this community-based population. Further studies incorporating physical activity, nutritional status, and long-term glycemic control are recommended.