Application of an AI-enhanced interactive virtual clinical reasoning training system in orthodontic residency training

Background Case-based discussion is essential for developing clinical reasoning in orthodontics education, but its traditional format faces limitations in terms of case accessibility, teaching consistency, and scheduling flexibility. To address these challenges, we developed an AI-enhanced interactive virtual clinical reasoning training system and implemented it in our orthodontic curriculum. This study evaluates the educational effectiveness and practical utility of this innovative teaching system. Methods The study involved 34 resident trainees from the School of Stomatology at Fourth Military Medical University (16 enrolled in 2022 and 18 in 2023). Participants were randomly assigned to either traditional lecture-based case discussions or the AI-enhanced interactive virtual clinical reasoning training system for case-based learning. After the intervention, all participants completed the same instructor-designed theoretical examination and case evaluations using the AI clinical reasoning system to assess its educational effectiveness, and provided feedback via questionnaires concerning their learning experience. Results There was no significant difference in theoretical exam scores between the two groups. However, In case evaluation, the group using the AI-assisted 3D clinical reasoning system showed significantly improved performance, and subjective questionnaire results also indicated that these students had notably enhanced learning efficiency and knowledge mastery in orthodontics. Conclusion The AI-enhanced interactive virtual clinical reasoning training system creates realistic clinical simulations from authentic cases, effectively bridging theoretical knowledge and clinical practice while cultivating humanistic competencies. This integrated approach provides substantive support for medical students' transition to clinical roles.