Dislocation of Total Hip Replacement Prosthesis After Transarterial Embolization of A Pseudoaneurysm: Case Report

Background Pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication after total hip replacement (THR). Prosthesis dislocation following embolization of a pseudoaneurysm is even more uncommon. We report a case of prosthesis dislocation after embolization of a pseudoaneurysm and discuss its possible underlying mechanisms. Case Presentation We report the case of an 83-year-old woman who developed a right medial femoral circumflex artery pseudoaneurysm one month after THR, for which she underwent emergent transarterial embolization (TAE). One day after the procedure, she returned to the emergency department with a THR dislocation. Computed tomography (CT) imaging confirmed enlargement of the pseudoaneurysm and its transformation into a hematoma after TAE, resulting in increased mass effect and subsequent prosthesis dislocation. The patient underwent open reduction with evacuation of the blood clot and was discharged in stable condition. Conclusion Awareness of the potential short-term progression of a pseudoaneurysm after TAE, and its subsequent transformation into a hematoma—which may increase mass effect—can facilitate early diagnosis when prosthesis dislocation is detected after embolization and guide appropriate management.