Characterization of High and Low Achievers for Early Identification of Students- A single-centre Qualitative Study in the Indian Context

Background: Academic performance is a crucial indicator of learning efficacy in medical and allied health science education. Teachers provide valuable insights into students learning behaviours, motivation, and challenges through continuous observation. This study examines faculty insights into the differences between high- and low-achieving students to identify key learning characteristics and develop strategies for preliminary intervention. Methods: A qualitative study involving 127 faculty members from the Allied Health Sciences departments at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre was carried out between August and October 2025. Ethical approval was acquired before data collection. Semi-structured interviews were designed and verified utilising the AMEE Guide No. 185 framework, and data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-step theme analysis. The data were coded independently by two researchers, with variations rectified through consensus. Results: Faculty characterised high-achieving students as disciplined, self-motivated, and actively engaged, with constant attendance and efficient time management. In contrast, low achievers showed irregular study patterns, lower motivation, poor time management, and limited participation. Further, faculty described that academic achievement was positively impacted by family support, constructive criticism, and mentoring. Conclusion: High achievers demonstrated strong self-regulation and engagement, whereas low achievers showed reduced consistency and focus. Strengthened mentoring and structured academic support may enhance motivation, behavioural regulation, and performance among low achievers, fostering their overall academic performance. Trial registration: The study was prospectively registered with the Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI), registration number CTRI/2025/03/083587 .