Mapping out the landscape of radiation protection in dentistry: A scoping review of cross-sectional studies

Dental imaging utilises both intraoral and extraoral modalities to diagnose dental conditions and inform treatment planning. The widespread use of dental imaging procedures underscores the importance of implementing rigorous radiation protection (RP) measures and ongoing education and training for dentists in this field. This scoping review aims to explore and map out the existing literature on the knowledge and practices of dentists related to RP in dental imaging. Eligibility criteria included cross-sectional studies published in English within the last decade that investigate and assess knowledge and practices related to RP among dentists. Four electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science, were systematically searched for peer-reviewed studies. A data charting table was used to present the data of the reviewed studies systematically, and a narrative synthesis approach was employed to summarise the extracted data thematically. Twenty-four cross-sectional studies were identified, and their findings were summarised in four main themes: knowledge of X-ray physics and the biological effects of ionising radiation, principles and methods of RP in dental imaging, quality in dental imaging services, and technical aspects of RP in dental imaging. Moreover, those studies revealed that levels of knowledge and practices in RP vary by geographical region and are influenced by factors such as experience, age, and educational background, alongside a notable lack of appropriate RP practices. Continuous education and training in RP, along with adherence to established safety guidelines and regulations, are essential for dentists to optimise protection and ensure the safety of patients, staff, and themselves.