Prevalence, Genotype Distribution, and Risk Factor Analysis of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Among Reproductive-Aged Women in Central Gujarat: A Community-Based Screening Study

Background: Cervical cancer ranks as the second leading cause of cancer death among Indian women, driven primarily by persistent high-risk HPV (hr HPV) types 16 and 18 . Community data on the genotype distribution and lifestyle-related risk factors among the Central Gujarat population are very scant. Methods: A cross-sectional screening study was conducted among 625 women aged between 30–60 years. The participants underwent cytology, testing & High-Risk HPV (hrHPV) DNA , and information about sociodemographic and diet was collected. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, logistic regression, and trend analysis. Results: The overall hrHPV prevalence was 3.2% . Interestingly, HPV 18 (1.6%) was the most common genotype, exceeding HPV 16 (1.12%). High parity (OR 2.16), early marriage (OR 2.44), and irregular menstruation (OR 2.55) were significant predictors of hrHPV positivity. Dual positivity on liquid-based cytology and HPV DNA testing demonstrated the highest predictive value for CIN III (PPV 50%) . Poor intake of fruits, vegetables, and folate was associated with increased lesion severity. Conclusion: This study underlines the importance of targeted screening and nutritional interventions in Central Gujarat. The regional finding of HPV 18 dominance, coupled with the high predictive value of the dual test, strongly supports the integration of HPV vaccination and dual-test strategies to effectively reduce cervical cancer risk among reproductive-aged women.