Maternal Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight among Newborns in Public Hospitals of Burao District, Somaliland, 2025

Background Low birth weight (LBW), defined as birth weight less than 2,500 grams, remains a major public health concern and a leading predictor of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Somaliland, evidence on maternal factors contributing to LBW is limited, especially in urban settings such as Burao District. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2025 in Burao General Hospital and Al-Khalifa Hospital, Somaliland. A total of 260 postpartum mothers were enrolled using a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire and newborn weight measurement. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics, while bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with LBW. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Results In multivariate analysis, lack of formal maternal education (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3–5.1), absence of iron supplementation during pregnancy (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.4–6.2), and preterm birth (<37 weeks) (AOR = 4.8; 95% CI: 2.1–10.9) were independently associated with LBW. Conclusion Low maternal education, inadequate iron supplementation, and preterm delivery were significant determinants of low birth weight in Burao District. Strengthening maternal education, improving iron supplementation coverage, and preventing preterm births through quality antenatal care are critical to reducing LBW in Somaliland.