Stem Cell and Exosome Therapies in Mesial Temporal Sclerosis: A Case Report

Background: Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a well-defined form of structural focal epilepsy, characterised by neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampus and surrounding structures. It is associated with a neurotoxic microenvironment that disrupts neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and dendritic spine plasticity, leading to cognitive, memory, and emotional impairments. The aim of presenting this case is to show the clinical and imaging progress after starting treatment with stem cells and exosomes for this condition. Case report: We present the case of a 15-year-old patient, clinically and radiologically diagnosed with MTS, who exhibited severe cognitive, emotional, and behavioural impairments, including working memory deficits, receptive and expressive language disturbances and significant attention deficits. Conclusions: Stem cells exhibit immunomodulatory properties, promoting an anti-inflammatory profile and facilitating tissue regeneration at injury sites . This case report highlights the therapeutic potential of the combination therapy with autologous stem cells and exosomes as a novel approach to regenerating structural and functional impairments in MTS.