Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Awareness and Attitudes Among Surgical and Medical Oncologists

Background/Objectives: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become an established treatment for selected peritoneal surface malignancies. However, awareness, training exposure, and attitudes toward CRS–HIPEC vary among oncologic disciplines. This nationwide study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of surgical and medical oncologists in Türkiye regarding CRS–HIPEC indications, benefits, and implementation. Methods: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted between July and December 2025 among certified surgical and medical oncologists. A 19-item questionnaire evaluated demographics, CRS–HIPEC training, institutional practices, and attitudes using a five-point Likert scale. Results: Ninety-eight oncologists (50 surgical, 48 medical) participated nationwide. HIPEC-related training (p < 0.001), self-rated knowledge (p < 0.001), and awareness of indications (p = 0.035) were significantly higher among surgical oncologists. Agreement with “CRS–HIPEC improves survival in appropriate patients” was stronger in the surgical group (p = 0.006). Among medical oncologists, those participating in multidisciplinary tumor boards were more likely to agree with the survival benefit (p = 0.032). Overall, 92% of participants supported the need for a national CRS–HIPEC guideline or standardized protocol. Conclusions: Surgical oncologists report greater training exposure and stronger belief in the benefit of CRS–HIPEC; however, multidisciplinary collaboration enhances understanding and acceptance among medical oncologists. Unified national guidelines and structured training programs may help align perspectives and optimize multidisciplinary practice.