Electrical Resistivity Techniques and Hydraulic Analysis for Groundwater Management under Climate Stress: Implications for Irrigation in Coastal West Africa

This study introduces an innovative hybrid approach combining Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) with advanced machine learning algorithms to improve aquifer characterization and recharge prediction in Abavo, Delta State, Nigeria. By integrating satellite-based remote sensing data and local climate micro-scenarios, we develop a comprehensive, data-driven framework for sustainable groundwater management under climate stress. The approach not only refines the spatial resolution of aquifer mapping but also enables real-time monitoring and adaptive management strategies tailored to local socio-economic contexts. These novel methodologies provide critical insights into groundwater vulnerabilities, offering a scalable model for similar coastal regions facing climate-induced recharge decline. The paper is a case study of ground water in Abavo, Delta State, Nigeria. It is apparent that irrigation should be made more sustainable because the food demand is increasing and the climate is changing. It uses Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) in 17 sites and provides an analysis of the aquifer profile and water management viability. The geophysical findings indicate that the geoelectric structure has 46 layers. The upper layer consists of layer of lateritic clay and semi-confined sand aquifers of varying resistivities. Based on hydraulic parameters, the transmissivity is 5.95 m 2/day. Concerns are being expressed that irrigation will increase excessive exploitation of the land. The tests of the water quality indicate that it is irrigation worthy but also indicative that the levels of the pH can be acidic thereby influencing the nutrition of the soil. By 2050 climate change will reduce the speed at which aquifers will get replenished. To sustain water resources and food security of agriculture, farmers would be forced to adopt adaptation techniques such as ERT mapping, drip irrigation, and rainwater collection.