A Two-Clock Cosmological Framework with Heavy WIMP Annihilation: Implications for CMB Constraints and Late-Time Expansion Measurements

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Abstract

Recent gamma-ray imaging analyses of the Milky Way halo using long-duration Fermi-LAT observations have revived interest in heavy WIMP dark matter with masses near the 0.5 to 0.8 TeV scale. These masses and associated annihilation cross sections imply significant \textbf{delayed energy deposition effects} often neglected in the standard "on-the-spot" approximation, prompting a reevaluation of recombination-era physics. In parallel, inhomogeneous cosmological models have been proposed as geometric contributors to the Hubble tension, relying on differential clock rates between overdense wall regions and underdense voids. \textbf{In this work, I develop a unified phenomenological framework that couples redshift-dependent heavy WIMP energy injection with a dynamical two-clock spacetime structure.} I derive the evolution equations for the \textbf{volume fractions of voids and walls}, effectively closing the system, and calculate how these ingredients propagate into acoustic peak positions, the CMB damping tail, and the mismatch between CMB-inferred and locally measured Hubble parameters. The model provides a coherent mathematical structure suitable for numerical implementation in Boltzmann solvers and suggests a potential multi-channel explanation of early and late-time cosmological tensions.

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