Three-dimensional scans of furrows in bulk materials: spatial data set

This study presents a comprehensive spatial dataset capturing the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of furrows created by rigid tools moving through granular materials under controlled normal loading conditions. The data cover three types of granular materials: two fractions of silica sand (0.3–1.0 mm and 1.4–2.0 mm), and river silica stone (2–6 mm). The experimental setup consisted of five levels of normal load, three transport speeds, and two types of tools, resulting in a total of 375 measurements. The 3D scans were collected using a high-resolution 3D scanner, providing detailed surface topography data. This dataset enables the derivation of key parameters, such as furrow length and width, tool penetration angle, and material subsidence. The collected data facilitate the quantitative assessment of the impact of grain size and applied load on the formation and structure of the furrow. Additionally, the dataset supports applications in terrain mechanics, discrete element modelling, and various fields, including mobility, geotechnics, waste management, and material handling. This resource aims to aid in the calibration of numerical models and offer a reproducible reference for future research in ground interaction analysis.