In Vivo Determination of Serum Lipid Profile, Haematological Parameters, and Sperm Fertility Indicators in Men Fertility Using Male Wistar Albino Rats Fed With Brachystegia Eurycoma (Achi) Seeds

Male infertility is a growing global health issue, affected by environmental, nutritional, and occupational factors that reduce semen quality. This research examined how Brachystegia eurycoma seed intake impacts serum lipid profiles, blood parameters, and sperm fertility in male Wistar rats. Rats received 0 (control), 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg of seed extract daily for 14 days. Semen results showed dose-dependent effects: the 800 mg/kg group had the highest sperm motility (45%) and normal morphology (75%), while the 400 mg/kg group experienced lower motility (25%) and sperm count (25 million/ml). Lipid analysis revealed significant rises in total cholesterol (299 mg/dl) and triglycerides (442 mg/dl) at 800 mg/kg, along with the lowest HDL (33 mg/dL) and highest LDL (178 mg/dL). Conversely, the 400 mg/kg group had reduced TC (120 mg/dl) and TG (132.5 mg/dl). Blood tests indicated maximum PCV (22.5%) and Hb (112.03%) at 400 mg/kg, but the 800 mg/kg group showed moderate PCV (20.5%), Hb (102.26%), and increased WBC (117.46%). The rise in cholesterol and triglycerides at 800 mg/kg might support steroid production, while intermediate doses disturbed lipid balance and damaged sperm quality. Hematological results suggest that improvements in oxygen and red blood cell production alone couldn’t offset damage to lipid metabolism or testicular health. These findings show that B. eurycoma seeds have complex, dose-dependent impacts on male reproductive health, emphasizing the important relationship between lipid metabolism, blood health, and spermatogenesis.