Factors Influencing Oral Health Service Utilization in Lusaka: A Case of Kalingalinga Health Centre

Purpose This study evaluated factors influencing oral health service utilization at Kalingalinga Health Centre in Lusaka, Zambia. Oral diseases are among the most neglected public health issues in low- and middle-income countries despite their significant burden on quality of life. Materials and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interviews from 130 participants, 110 patients and 20 dental professionals. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Findings: The study found that only 38% of patients sought preventive dental care, while 62% sought services only during pain. The main barriers to service utilization included high treatment costs (58%), fear of dental procedures (46%), and long waiting times (40%). Health system challenges such as inadequate staffing (60%) and shortages of dental equipment (55%) also hindered access. Awareness of oral health was moderate (68%), though preventive behavior remained low. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings align with the Health Belief Model, indicating that perceived barriers and low self-efficacy significantly affect health-seeking behavior. The study recommends community-based oral health promotion, affordable dental services, and strengthened public oral health systems.