Reducing the environmental impact of peat use in gardening: a behavioural science approach

Peat extraction for horticulture contributes to carbon emissions and biodiversity loss, yet peat remains widely used in gardening. Transitioning to peat-free gardening requires understanding factors influencing consumers’ behaviours. We conducted a cross-sectional, mixed-methods survey of 954 UK gardeners, applying the COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour) to identify barriers/enablers to purchasing peat-free compost and peat-free plants. For using peat-free compost, regression analyses identified cost (Physical Opportunity) and off-putting texture/smell of peat-free compost (Automatic Motivation) as barriers, while availability (Physical Opportunity), recommendations from trusted organisations (Social Opportunity) and prioritising 'peat-free' labels (Reflective Motivation) were enablers. Awareness of peat-free plants was low, linked to poor labelling (Physical Opportunity). Enablers included knowing where to purchase (Psychological Capability), availability (Physical Opportunity), and valuing peat-free plants (Reflective Motivation). Qualitative findings highlighted inconsistent peat-free compost quality and adapting care practices. Suggested interventions include clearer labelling, improved quality control and knowledge transfer on peat-free plant care.