Effects of a Multimodal Exercise Program on Functional Outcomes and Fall Risk in Physically Active Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study

Background: Falls remain a public health concern among physically active older adults. This study examined the long-term effects of a three-year supervised multimodal exercise program on functional, psychological, and fall-related outcomes in active community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Twenty-nine participants (mean age 72.0 ± 4.9 years) were assessed annually for three years. Functional measures included gait speed/cadence, TUG, 5xSTS, handgrip strength, and balance (SF-FAB). Psychological parameters (FES-I, ABC) and fall-related variables were also evaluated. Results: Significant improvements were observed in gait speed, cadence, TUG, handgrip strength, and balance. Lower-limb strength remained stable. Psychological scores did not change significantly but remained high. Falls and balance complaints decreased over the first two years. Conclusions: Long-term participation in supervised multimodal exercise promotes meaningful functional improvements and may prevent falls, even in active older adults. These findings support its integration into community-based aging and fall prevention strategies.