“Everyone's situation with diabetes is different, so are individual needs and circumstances”: Lived Experiences and Management Routines of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Southern Nigeria

Background Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern that contributes to the global burden of disease. In Nigeria, nearly 4 million adults are living with diabetes, which has a significant risk of co-morbidities and mortality. There are several studies exploring causality and management, yet there is a paucity of information on the lived experiences of people diagnosed with diabetes, particularly in the southern part of the country, where cultural, socioeconomic, and healthcare dynamics may uniquely shape disease management practices. The objective of this study was to explore the lived experiences and management practices of T2DM patients at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Methods This grounded theory qualitative study explored the lived experiences of people living with T2DM and their approaches to disease management. Four participants receiving treatment at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Cross River State, Nigeria, were purposively selected for key informant interviews, while fifteen participants were recruited for the focus group discussions. The data collected were transcribed and inductively analyzed manually. Results Six themes emerged from the data: Type 2 diabetes awareness, dietary control, risk perceptions, cultural influences, support systems, and coping strategies. Participants recognized the importance of reliable information sources about type 2 diabetes, including healthcare professionals, reputable websites, and scientific literature. Overall, addressing misconceptions emerged as a crucial aspect of diabetes education and advocacy efforts within the community. Conclusion Based on the study’s findings, a multifaceted approach to T2DM management, such as the integration of healthcare, cultural, structural, and behavioral methods, is pertinent. Incorporation of behavioral support strategies (goal setting and meal-prepping education) into routine T2DM care arises as a necessity, which would enhance dietary compliance and self-efficacy.