Air Embolism Resulting from Contrast Agent Injection During Coronary Computed Tomography: A Case Report

Background Air embolism is a rare but potentially lethal complication. Clinicians must recognize its warning signs and be ready to implement appropriate interventions. Early detection is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. This report presents a case of arterial air embolism following coronary computed tomography angiography. Case presentation A 60-year-old female developed air embolism due to contrast agent administration during a coronary CT study, presenting with shortness of breath and dizziness. Following treatment that included high-flow oxygen therapy (10 L/min), fluid resuscitation, and positioning in a supine position, her vital signs stabilized and arterial blood gas parameters returned to normal. A follow-up CT scan conducted 7 days later showed absorption of the air, leading to her discharge. Conclusion While rare, air embolism can cause mild symptoms with small volumes, but larger volumes may be life-threatening. Suspect air embolism in patients with neurological signs or sudden respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms, especially in the presence of risk factors. To minimize air entering the right ventricular outflow tract, prompt cessation of the embolism source, maintenance of a supine position, high-flow oxygen therapy, and hyperbaric oxygen treatment should be initiated. These timely interventions can prevent further complications and improve patient outcomes while reducing mortality. Trial registration This case report does not involve a clinical trial.