A robust energy framework for powering self-sufficient and zero-carbon infrastructure in high-altitude regions

The achievement of carbon neutrality in high-altitude regions faces dual challenges of ecological fragility and regional poverty, where renewable-energy-powered infrastructure presents a promising solution. However, the current lack of user-centric approaches hinders the development of effective renewable energy designs that can tangibly support local development. This study proposes a user-centric Photovoltaic-Battery-Vehicle-to-Building framework that transforms predictable passenger flows from an operational burden into a strategic asset. The approach harnesses natural fluctuations in tourist demand during peak summer seasons by utilizing electric vehicle charging to absorb photovoltaic generation surplus, thereby eliminating the need for costly seasonal storage. Implementation across the plateau's railway stations demonstrates remarkable performance: enhancing photovoltaic self-consumption by 14.3-20.3% and improving economic returns by 67.5-73.7%, while maintaining near-zero carbon operation. This research provides the first scalable blueprint for demand-driven renewable energy systems in extreme plateau environments, transforming conventional approaches to infrastructure decarbonization in vulnerable ecosystems.