Potential Anti-Tuberculosis Metabolites from Streptomyces rochei HS2D4 Isolated from the Indian Himalayan Region

Actinobacteria are significant producers of bioactive compounds, and always been playground in isolation of various lead molecules. Extreme ecosystems drive the evolution of novel secondary metabolic pathways in Actinobacteria, increasing the potential for discovering new biologically active compounds. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize Actinobacteria from underexplored Indian terrestrial soil samples, focusing on strains with antimycobacterial activity. A total of 130 actinobacterial isolates were screened, among which One potent strain, HS2D4, was identified using morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequencing placed HS2D4 as closely related (97% similarity) to Streptomyces rochei . Metabolite profiling was done by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which identified 31 different bioactive compounds. In silico molecular docking of the 31 compounds assessed the interactions of key compounds with important Mycobacterium tuberculosis targets like DNA gyrase and InhA. Strain HS2D4 exhibited antimycobacterial activity against M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. It was shown that the crude extracts contained Key compounds including 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, and TBHQ through GC-MS and Insilco molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinities to therapeutic targets, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis , highlighting their potential as drug leads. Streptomyces sp. HS2D4 isolated from Indian Himalaya Region is promising source for isolation of anti-tuberculosis agents.