Flow and heat transfer behaviors of a Maxwell ternary nanofluid flow over a shrinking surface

Background and Motivation: Maxwell fluid has attracted attention because of their impressive thermal characteristics and use in polymer processing, metal spinning and rolling, biomedical engineering, and cooling systems. Aim and Objective: This study emphases on the graphical investigation of the flow behavior and heat transfer of a Maxwell ternary nanofluid (Al ₂ O ₃ -Cu-Fe ₃ O ₄ /water) over a shrinking surface with the impacts of a magnetic field, suction, shrinking parameter, and heat source or sink. Solution Methodology: Using a set of similarity transformations, ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are generated through alteration of the leading equations. Resulting equations are solved with the assistance of well-established finite difference method (FDM). For the exactness and justification of the present outcomes, an assessment is revealed between the current solutions and the data that is accessible, which demonstrates a good consistency. Findings: Graphical results show that the velocity rises and the temperature declines for increasing magnetic field, suction and shrinking parameter. In contrast, larger nanoparticle volume fractions, Biot number and heat source feature cause an enlargement in the temperature outline. A growth in suction, magnetic parameter and nanoparticle volume fractions leads to amplify the shear stress. The contrary is perceived as shrinking parameter becoming greater in number. Larger suction parameter, magnetic field parameter, and shrinking parameter result in a major augmentation in the heat flux. The opposite is discovered with bigger volume fraction of nanoparticles and heat source or sink parameter.