Effects of Spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets on axial elongation, refractive change and visual function in pre-myopic Chinese children: a retrospective cohort study
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Background This clinical study was designed to evaluate the effects of spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) on axial elongation, refractive change, and visual function in pre-myopic Chinese children. Methods Retrospective cohort study. This study included 66 Chinese children, aged 6.0 to 16.0 years, with a cycloplegic spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) ranging from > − 0.50 D to ≤ + 0.75 D, who completed the 6-month follow-up. The participants were divided into two groups: the HAL group (n = 32) and the Control group (n = 34). SER, axial length (AL), and accommodative and binocular function (distance and near phoria, AC/A ratio, BCC, distance worth-4 dot, NRA, and PRA) were measured at baseline and 6 months after lenses were dispensed. Results The 6-month axial elongation was 0.14 (0.06, 0.27) mm in the Control group and 0.04 (0.00, 0.11) mm in the HAL group ( P = 0.006). The 6-month AL elongation was categorized into three risk levels: low risk (≤ 0.10 mm), medium risk (0.10–0.20 mm), and high risk (≥ 0.20 mm). In the Control group, low risk accounted for 44.1%, medium risk 23.5%, and high risk 32.4%. However, in the HAL group, low risk accounted for 75.0%, medium risk 6.3%, and high risk 18.8% ( P = 0.025). The changes in SER at the 6-month visit were − 0.06 (-0.25, 0.00) D and 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) D in the Control and HAL groups ( P = 0.134). Compared with the Control group, there were no significant differences in 6-month changes in distance and near phoria, AC/A ratio, BCC, distance worth-4 dot, and PRA (all P > 0.05), with the exception of NRA ( P = 0.032). Conclusions For the pre-myopic children who have a high risk of developing myopia, plano HAL spectacles may be a viable strategy to slow AL elongation with minimal impact on accommodative and binocular function in a 6-month follow-up, with the exception of NRA.
