Quantitative Synthesis of Growth, Reproductive, and Egg Production Traits in Asian Ducks: A Meta-Analysis

The integration of quantitative data on growth and reproductive traits in Asian ducks is critical for optimizing production systems, yet existing literature remains fragmented. This meta-analysis synthesized data from 45 eligible studies (selected from 312 articles up to October 2023) encompassing over 10,000 ducks. Employing random-effects models, the study found a pooled body weight at 8 weeks of 1.20 kg (95% CI: 1.10–1.30 kg) and an average daily gain of 25 g/day. Reproductive parameters showed an average age at first lay of 150 days, fertility at 78%, hatchability at 72%, and production of 120 eggs per cycle. High heterogeneity (I² >75%) was observed across traits, significantly influenced by breed origin and management practices. Indigenous breeds exhibited greater reproductive resilience than commercial hybrids, while extended lighting duration significantly accelerated the onset of lay. These findings provide evidence-based benchmarks and highlight the urgent need for standardized reporting to inform future breeding strategies..