Association Analysis Between Dietary Magnesium Intake and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain

Purpose To assess the relationship between dietary magnesium consumption and cause-specific and all-cause mortality in individuals with CNP in the United States. Patients and methods: Participants aged ≥ 20 years with CNP were included using data from the 1999–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The association between dietary magnesium consumption and mortality in patients with osteoarthritis was assessed using two-stage Cox models and Cox proportional hazards models. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed stratified by age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, physical activity, smoking, and drinking to determine whether the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and all-cause mortality is consistent across populations and to identify possible high-risk groups. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to conduct a mediation study to assess the contribution of C-reactive protein (CRP) to the relationship between dietary magnesium consumption and mortality in CNP patients. Results There were 2,955 CNP patients in all, and during follow-up, 719 deaths from all causes, 180 from cardiovascular disease, and 179 from cancer were noted. Higher dietary magnesium consumption was substantially linked to a lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, according to multivariable-adjusted results. The risk of dying from cardiovascular disease decreased by 78% for every unit increase in dietary magnesium consumption ( P  = 0.015). Consistent results were obtained from a quartile study of dietary magnesium intake. There was a turning point at 0.5181 g/day in the monotonically declining nonlinear relationship between dietary magnesium intake and cancer mortality. The chance of dying from cancer showed a clear decreasing trend after this point ( HR  = 0.01). Subgroup studies confirmed that these results were robust. According to mediator analysis, dietary magnesium has a direct impact on mortality outcomes ( P  < 0.05) and indirectly lowers all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in CNP patients by lowering log CRP levels. Conclusion In addition to providing theoretical support for the prevention and management of cancer and cardiovascular disease, this study offers older individuals and CNP patients a customized dietary intervention based on magnesium consumption criteria to lower mortality risk.