Design Simulation & Implementation of a High-Gain Discrete Boost Regulator Utilizing Cascaded Switching and Voltage Clamping Techniques

This research thoroughly examines the design and simulation of a discrete-component, high-gain boost regulator, focusing on the realistic trade-offs between component stress and performance. The proposed architecture employs a cascaded BJT switching network, utilizing a 2N3904 pre-driver and a 2N2221A main switch to achieve effective voltage elevation. It incorporates a Zener diode clamping mechanism for reliable over-voltage protection and signal conditioning. The basic topology can theoretically work with a wide range of inputs, from 1V to 30V. However, this work only describes how it works with a more realistic 15V input ceiling. This limit is not a circuit limit; it is a result of design choices. The 2-watt power resistors that keep the system stable and thermally sound are a key derating from the 5-watt components that would be needed for full-range operation. Simulation results in NI Multisim show that the regulator works great within this range. It has a consistent high-voltage gain, an efficient suppression of switching transients with a custom RC snubber network, and a reliable way to clamp voltage spikes. The results show a key rule for designing power electronics: to make sure that the implementation is reliable and can be repeated, theoretical performance must be balanced with careful management of the limits of real-world components.