Study on the intervention mechanism of ZhiLong HuoXue TongYu capsule on secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage based on oxidative stress

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu (ZL) capsule on the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods In this study, ICH model was established to assess the neuroprotective efficacy of ZL capsule. The ICH-induced neurological deficits were analyzed by behavioral studies including Zea-Longa score, Neurological Severity Score, Open filed test, Y-maze test, Morris water maze, Rotarod test and pathological staining such as HE staining and Nissl staining. Perls staining was used to measure iron deposition after ICH. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) assay kits were performed to measure the level of lipid peroxide after ICH. The levels of oxidative stress-related targets were verified by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Results This study demonstrated that ZL capsule treatment significantly reduced ICH-induced neurological deficits after ICH, improved the memory learning functions of rats and attenuated ICH‑Induced neuron damage in rats. After ICH, oxidative stress in brain tissue increased and ZL capsule could alleviate the pathological state of oxidative stress. The SOD and GSH activities were dramatically increased after the treatment of ZL capsule compared with the Ns group, while the content of MDA was markedly decreased after treatment with ZL capsule compared with Ns group. After ICH, the SLC40A1, SESN2 and GPX4 mRNA in brain tissue increased, and the NOX4 and TFR1 mRNA in brain tissue decreased after the treatment of ZL capsule. Proteomics analysis also confirmed these results. Conclusion Our data suggested that ZL capsule showed a neuroprotective function after ICH and alleviated ICH induced neurological deficits in rats. The possible mechanism may be that ZL capsule inhibits iron deposition and mitochondrial destabilization, lessening oxidative stress in brain tissue. The findings of this study offer a new perspective of how ZL capsule affects ICH at a molecular level and could be conducive to developing therapeutic drugs for ICH and traditional Chinese medicine.