Key Considerations in the Design of a Sentinel Network for Drug Use: Qualitative Findings

Background An effective surveillance program of drugs and addiction requires timely detection of emerging consumption patterns and new psychoactive substances. The time lag between conventional reporting systems and population-level perception creates a gap that can be more effectively addressed through sentinel networks. Methods A qualitative study was conducted between February and May 2025. A total of 13 regional, national and international experts in public health, drug policy, prevention, epidemiology, and digital technologies participated in three focus groups and four in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti, with triangulation of researcher data with adherence to SRQR guidelines to ensure rigor. Results Four categories and 13 subcategories were identified for the design of a sentinel network on drug use: (1) Definition and criteria for activating sentinel alerts; (2) Selection of key informants;(3) Management and temporality of alerts; and (4) Enabling factors for sustainability. Conclusions A sentinel network for drug use should be multidisciplinary, flexible, and integrated into existing surveillance structures. Incorporating diverse perspectives and information, ensuring adequate professional support, and establishing mechanisms for motivation and sustainability are essential. This system could enhance early detection and serve as a model for substance use surveillance in comparable contexts.