Bridging the Knowledge Gap: A Study of Non-Communicable Disease Awareness and Risk Factors Among University Students in Yemen.

Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global public health concern and are rapidly becoming the leading causes of morbidity and premature mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Objective This study aimed to assess the knowledge of major NCDs and their behavioral risk factors among students at Hadhramout University in Mukalla City, Yemen. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between November and December 2023 using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. A multistage cluster sampling method selected 422 undergraduate students from various colleges of Hadhramout University. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results More than half (56.4%) of the participants had poor general knowledge of NCDs. While most recognized smoking and alcohol as risk factors, 40% were unaware that NCDs are non-communicable. Additionally, 35.3% did not identify physical inactivity, and 42.4% did not recognize fast food consumption as risk factors. About 51.7% were unaware that premature death is a complication of NCDs. Furthermore, 68.2% either did not know or gave incorrect responses regarding the recommended duration of weekly moderate physical activity, and 38.4% were unaware that screening helps prevent NCDs. The internet was reported as the primary source of information. Conclusion The findings reveal inadequate knowledge and awareness of NCDs and their risk factors among university students. Strengthening health education and awareness programs is crucial to enhance understanding and promote preventive behaviors.