Mapping the main approaches and challenges in researching the consequences of social extreme events and armed conflicts on health indicators: a scoping review

In recent decades, there has been an increase in social extreme events such as economic crises, political instability, armed conflicts, and inequalities, and how these phenomena have significantly impacted population health. Social extreme events amplify preexisting societal vulnerabilities and compromise the capacity of health systems, affecting both immediate and longterm responses. Advances in interdisciplinary fields such as social epidemiology, data science, and digital governance have enabled new approaches to understand these complex interactions and their consequences on mortality indicators, mental health, variety of diseases, and access to services. Despite this, significant theoretical and methodological gaps remain, making the systematization of knowledge essential to support effective public policies. This study aims to map the main research lines, methodological trends, and conceptual challenges, offering an integrated view to improve strategies for mitigating the impacts of social extreme events on population health and quality of life.