Transforming Higher Education Through AI Literacy: A Structural Model for SDG 4, Future-Ready Skills, and Graduate Employability

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming higher education, making it essential to understand how students adopt and benefit from AI-enabled learning tools in ways that advance SDG 4. This study develops and validates a structural model examining how AI literacy, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and institutional support influence students’ adoption of AI applications, and how such adoption contributes to future-ready skills and graduate employability. Using a cross-sectional survey of 211 university students and analysing the data through PLS-SEM, the findings reveal that institutional support and perceived ease of use significantly predict AI adoption, whereas AI literacy and perceived usefulness do not. AI adoption strongly enhances future-ready skills, which subsequently exert a positive effect on graduate employability and mediate the relationship between AI adoption and employability outcomes. These results highlight the critical role of supportive institutional environments and intuitive AI design while indicating shifts in the factors shaping technology acceptance among learners. Overall, the study provides theoretical and practical insights for integrating AI responsibly and effectively in higher education to support SDG 4.