Co-occurrence of Leisure Screen Time and Leisure-time Physical Activity Among Brazilians and Associated Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Health Factors

Background This study analyzed the co-occurrence of leisure screen time and leisure-time physical activity in Brazilian adults, and their association with socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, nutritional status, and chronic health conditions. Methods Data from individuals aged ≥ 18 years from the 2019 National Health Survey (n = 88,531). Cluster analysis identifield the co-occurrence of screen use (TV and cell phone, computer, or tablet [CCT]) during leisure time and physical activity (leisure, commuting, home, and work). Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with the clusters. Results Four clusters were identified: (1) low screen use during leisure time and active individuals, especially at work (13.0% of the total population); (2) prolonged TV use and predominance inactive individuals (14.9%); (3) prolonged CCT use and active individuals, especially during leisure time (18.0%); (4) low screens use during leisure time and active individuals (54.1%). Compared to Cluster 1, Cluster 2 was more likely among women (OR: 2.78; p < .001), individuals ≥ 60 years old (OR: 8.41; p < .001), with obesity (OR: 1.32; p < .05), diabetes, arterial hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases (OR: 1.78; 1.27; 1.52, respectively; p < .001) were more associated with cluster 2, while those with higher education (OR: 3.22; p < .001) and higher income (OR: 2.11; p < .001) were more associated with cluster 3, as were those aged < 35 years. Conclusion Four lifestyle clusters with socioeconomic, demographic, and health differences were identified, offering relevant support for the development of public health policies.