Evaluation of In Vivo Anti Alzheimer's Activity of Neolamarkcia cadamba using Beta Amyloid Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory cascades leading to cognitive dysfunction. Current cholinesterase inhibitors provide only symptomatic relief and often produce adverse effects. The rubiaceae family membrane Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb). Bosser is abundant in bioactive metabolites with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities, including cadambine. Cadambagenic acid, quinovic acid, quinovic acid, and β-sitosterol. In an Aβ₁₄₂-induced rat model, the current study sought to assess the ethanolic extract of N. cadamba’s in vivo anti- Alzheimer’s potential. Methods: Adult wistar rats received intracerebroventricular injections of Aβ₁₄₂ (5 µL, 1 mg/mL) to induced experimental AD. For 21 days, the animals were treated orally with 200 and 400 mg/kg of N. cadamba extract. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the radial Arm Maze and passive Avoidance Test Lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), levels were measured through biochemical assays. ESLIA was used to determine the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α). Results: Rats administered Aβ₁₋₄₂ demonstrated significant deficits in learning and memory, including diminished antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT and GSH), heightened oxidative stress indicators (LPO, NO), and enhanced neuroinflammatory cytokines. N.cadamba extract therapy significantly improved cognitive performance by decreasing reference memory error (RME), correct working memory errors (CWME), and incorrect working memory errors (IWME). The extract effective suppressed the expression of the TNF-α and IL-1β, reduced lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels, and reinstated antioxidant enzyme activity. Conclusion: The research provides substantial evidence that Neolamarckia cadamba employs synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways to elicit neuroprotective benefits. The control of oxidative and inflammatory pathways, along with histological protection, underscores its therapeutics promise as a natural option for preventing or deceleration the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.