Clinicopathological features and prognosis of synchronous endometrial and ovarian carcinoma

This study analyzed clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes in 48 patients with synchronous endometrial and ovarian carcinoma (SEOC) treated at West China Second University Hospital (2015–2022). Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests compared survival differences; multivariate Cox regression identified independent prognostic factors. Most patients were premenopausal (87.5%) with a median age of 47 years. The median BMI was 23.2 kg/m² (range: 16.4–35.2 kg/m²). The most common presenting symptom was vaginal bleeding. Histopathological analysis revealed that both carcinomas exhibited endometrioid histology in 38 cases (79.2%), were grade 1 in 23 cases (47.9%), and were FIGO stage I in 24 cases (50%). Postoperative adjuvant therapy was administered to 43 patients (89.6%). Survival analysis revealed the following significant prognostic factors: ovarian histologic type (p = 0.008), SEOC histologic subtype (p = 0.016), SEOC tumor grade (p = 0.029), ovarian cancer stage (p = 0.032), lymph node metastasis status (p < 0.001), and performance of lymphadenectomy (p = 0.029). These results shed light on SEOC typically presents with early-stage, low-grade tumors and favorable prognosis. Preoperative imaging and tumor marker assessment provide critical guidance for surgical planning. Lymph node metastasis, ovarian histology and stage critically guide adjuvant therapy. Systematic lymphadenectomy benefits in early-stage disease require further investigation.