Determination of Total Sugar Content in Local and Imported Non-Carbonated Fruit Juices Using the Refractometric Method: Implications for Public Health Regulation in Kosovo

Background Excessive intake of added sugars is associated with increased risk for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Inaccurate labeling of sugar content in beverages may contribute to misleading dietary choices. Kosovo currently lacks regulatory standards for sugar labeling in fruit juices. Methods This study analyzed 20 local and 10 imported non-carbonated fruit juices sold in supermarkets in Peja, Kosovo. Sugar content was measured using a digital refractometer (°Brix) and compared with declared values on packaging. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to assess significant differences. Results Significant discrepancies were observed between measured and labeled sugar content in several products. On average, local juices exhibited greater discrepancies than imported ones. Paired t-tests showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in most samples, suggesting widespread labeling inaccuracies. Conclusion The findings underscore the need for stronger regulation and standardization of sugar labeling in Kosovo. Although limited by the refractometric method, the study provides a foundation for future research using advanced techniques and supports policy alignment with EU food labeling regulations.