Individual and interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on the growth, physiological and yield traits of black gram
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Climate change, characterized by elevated atmospheric CO 2 (eCO 2 ) and rising temperatures (eT), poses significant challenges to crop productivity, particularly in grain legumes including black gram. This study investigated the interactive effects of eCO 2 and eT on physiological, phenological, and yield-related traits across multiple genotypes of black gram. Elevated CO 2 improved photosynthetic rate, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), water use efficiency (WUE), and root biomass, while elevated temperature alone negatively impacted these traits by increasing transpiration and limiting CO 2 uptake. Genotype specific responses were observed, with certain genotypes such as PLU826 and IPU941 demonstrating resilience through higher photosynthetic rates and pod yields under combined eT + eCO 2 conditions. Elevated CO 2 mitigated adverse effects of high temperature by stabilizing phenological development and enhancing total biomass and grain yield. The study highlights the complex physiological interplay between CO 2 and temperature and underscores the importance of genotype selection in developing climate-resilient legume cultivars.
