A Wide Axial Ratio Beamwidth Circularly Polarized Fully Textile Dual L-shaped Slotted Antenna for GPS-L1 Application

Fully textile antennas have emerged as promising candidates for wearable communication systems, yet achieving wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth and beamwidth remains a significant challenge due to the constraints imposed by compact geometries and low-permittivity substrates on circular polarization (CP) stability. This paper presents a single-layer wide AR beamwidth circularly polarized fully textile antenna for GPS-L1 applications, employing a dual L-shaped slotted patch with corner truncation to generate orthogonal modes with a 90° phase difference, producing robust right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). The mirrored dual L-slot configuration redistributes surface currents symmetrically, forming hybrid electric–magnetic dipole modes that equalize orthogonal field components over a broad angular region, thereby achieving the wide AR beamwidth. Measurements show an impedance bandwidth of 108 MHz (1.525–1.633 GHz) and a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 36 MHz, fully covering the GPS-L1 band. The 3-dB AR beamwidths are 150° and 135° in the principal planes (φ = 0° and φ = 90°) and 120° and 165° in the diagonal planes (φ = 45° and φ = 135°), yielding an average AR beamwidth of 143°. The results confirm excellent polarization stability, exceeding the 120° benchmark for GPS applications. The antenna attains a peak gain of 3.96 dBi and a front-to-back ratio of 16.86. In contrast to multilayer or rigid designs with limited beamwidths (< 100°), the antenna achieves a compact single-layer, single-fed profile (0.49λ₀ × 0.52λ₀ × 0.0175λ₀) with wide-beam CP radiation and strong polarization purity, ensuring reliable operation in wearable navigation and tracking applications.