Trends in Renal Failure-Related Mortality among Adults in the America: A National Cross-Sectional Analysis (CDC Database Study 1999–2023)

Renal failure (RF) is a systemic disease and one of the leading causes of non-communicable disease mortality worldwide. Its high treatment costs, resource reliance, and social impact impose a significant burden on global health systems. This study analyzes CDC WONDER data on deaths related to RF (ICD-10, N17-N19) among adults in the United States from 1999 to 2023. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and annual percent change (APC) were calculated by year, sex, age group, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and urbanization status. A total of 1,138,750 kidney failure–related deaths were recorded between 1999 and 2023. The South had the highest cumulative deaths and the fastest-growing AAMR (AAPC = + 0.7605), while the Northeast was the only region with a declining trend (AAPC = − 0.5704). Females showed consistently higher AAMRs than males, with both sexes exhibiting slight upward trends. Non-Hispanic Whites had the highest mortality burden and a rising AAMR, while Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics showed modest declines. Younger adults (ages 25–54) experienced the fastest increase in AAMR, particularly those aged 45–54 (AAPC = + 1.94). Urban residents faced a rising burden, whereas rural areas experienced slight improvements. Overall, the data indicate a steady increase in RF-related mortality, with more substantial increases observed in certain regions and populations. The trend in AAMR also shows a slight upward trajectory, suggesting an increasing burden of renal failure among specific demographics and areas. This underscores the necessity for targeted and equitable intervention strategies.