Integrated Energy Networks: A Holistic Approach to Optimizing Generation, Transmission and Distribution in Future Smart Grids
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The impact of smart grid technologies in transforming power systems' efficiency, reliability, and sustainability in terms of generation, transmission, and distribution is unprecedented. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the optimisation of generation, transmission and distribution networks in future smart grid systems based on developed technologies. It underscores the need to incorporate renewable sources of energy, storage systems and advanced communication all so that they operate in a smooth manner. The discussion includes optimising the power flow, the fault and demand response system, and enhancing the resilience and performance of the system through artificial intelligence for big data analytics and machine learning. This work further showcases the importance of decentralised energy networks and blockchains in secure energy trading and system control. Emphasis is given to the treatment of crucial issues concerning renewables integration and distributed-resources control. In addition, we investigate AI-supported energy management systems to improve grid operating conditions, forecast failures and optimise resource distribution. Finally, based on these advanced technologies and the technologies capable of achieving these functionalities, we propose an integrated framework for developing efficient, resilient and sustainable smart grids and outline the salient characteristics for future grid optimisation.
