Assessing prostate cancer progression in intact human prostates ex vivousing a photoacoustic needle sensing probe
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Prostate cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies in men worldwide and continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in multiparametric imaging and circulating biomarkers, final diagnosis and precise Gleason grading rely on histopathological assessment of core-needle biopsy specimens. Conventional biopsy techniques are susceptible to sampling errors and may inadequately capture the multifocal and heterogeneous nature of prostate tumors, often resulting in underestimation of disease extent and aggressiveness. In this study, we extended our previous work by expanding the ex vivo cohort to 29 intact human prostate specimens. We characterized PA-derived microarchitectures across non-aggressive, low-aggressive and high-aggressive tumor regions; to evaluate the ability of these PA features to discriminate between different levels of tumor aggressiveness; and to explore the integration of muti-parameters acquired at different wavelengths into standard biopsy workflows for enhanced diagnostic precision.
