Biomechanical Comparative Study of a Novel Proximal Femoral Bionic System for the Treatment of Basal Femoral Neck Fractures: Finite Element Analysis

Objective: Currently, there is still a lack of in - depth comparative evaluation regarding the biomechanical performance of novel proximal bionic systems in basalfemoral neck fractures (BFNF). This study aims to utilize finite element analysis to compare the mechanical performance differences between two novel proximal bionic systems and traditional PFNA (Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation) and DHS + DS (Dynamic Hip Screw + Anti - rotation Screw) in the fixation of BFNF. Methods: Based on a validated finite element analysis model, this study constructed an accurate BFNF model and implanted one extramedullary internal fixation device and three intramedullary nail devices: DHS + DS, PFNA, the "second - generation" PFBN (Proximal Femoral Bionic Nail, "II" PFBN), and PFTBN (Proximal Femoral Total Bionic Nail). Under the same vertical load of 2100 N and the same boundary conditions, the displacement and Von Mises stress (VMS) distribution of the BFNF models with different fixation methods were evaluated using the finite element analysis method. Results: When the four devices were used to fix the fracture models under a vertical load of 2100 N, PFTBN showed the best performance in terms of displacement and peak stress, while DHS + DS performed relatively poorly. The mechanical performance of the "II" PFBN was lower than that of PFNA and DHS + DS, and the peak stress and displacement of the PFNA nail were lower than those of DHS + DS. Conclusion: PFTBN demonstrates superior biomechanical stability in the treatment of BFNF, which can reduce the risk of post - operative internal fixation failure. From a biomechanical perspective, the structural designs of the "II" PFBN and PFTBN are more in line with the mechanical conduction characteristics of the femoral neck base, enabling better reconstruction of local mechanical balance and creating a more stable mechanical environment for fracture healing. Therefore, both the "II" PFBN and PFTBN are reliable internal fixation devices for the treatment of BFNF and have potential clinical application prospects.