Temporary End Ileostomy as a Strategy to Prevent Anastomotic Leakage in a Dog

Background Anastomotic leakage is a potentially life-threatening complication following intestinal resection and anastomosis in dogs. This report highlights the potential of temporary ileostomy prior to re-anastomosis as a strategy to reduce complications in dogs at high risk of anastomotic leakage. Case presentation A 1-year-old male Chihuahua weighing 2.5 kg presented with a four-day history of vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, abdominal discomfort, and a left inguinal hernia. Ultrasonography revealed a segment of the small intestine herniated into the left inguinal area with evidence of intestinal obstruction and left testicular cryptorchidism. Emergency exploratory surgery identified a strangulated and ruptured ileal segment. The distal ileum was temporarily closed and the proximal segment was exteriorised as an end ileostomy. Three days later, following correction of hypoalbuminaemia and improvement in intestinal viability, a second surgery was performed to restore intestinal continuity via side-to-end anastomosis. The dog recovered uneventfully and showed no signs of anastomotic leakage, peritonitis, or other complications. Follow-up confirmed normal gastrointestinal function. Conclusions Temporary ileostomy followed by delayed re-anastomosis may be a viable strategy for managing anastomotic complications in dogs with a high risk of anastomotic leakage.