Differential expression of two microRNAs, miR-29a-3p and miR-15b-5p, in SARS-CoV-2 infection in the immunocompromised and immunocompetent host

The global health challenge posed by SARS-CoV-2 infection has highlighted the urgent need for understanding its intricate molecular interactions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles as post-transcriptional regulators in cellular processes, including viral infections. A published validation study demonstrated an interaction between hsa-miR-29a-3p and hsa-miR-15b-5p with the viral genome in vitro . This study aimed to assess the expression levels of these miRNAs in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals with SARS-CoV 2 infection, with a particular focus on the Omicron variant. Nasopharyngeal swabs from immunocompromised (n = 7) and non-immunocompromised (n = 7) patients were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Results revealed significantly higher expression levels of both miR-29a-3p and miR-15b-5p in immunocompromised patients compared to their non-immunocompromised counterparts, suggesting a potential involvement of these miRNAs in immunosuppressive processes and viral interactions. Additionally, miR-29a-3p was expressed at higher levels than miR-15b-5p in both groups, consistent with previous COVID-19 studies. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, offering insights into potential miRNA-based therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers.