Identify Key Asthma Risk Factors via 2019–2023 Health Interview Survey Data

Background Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease. The risk factors that affected asthma were not clearly understood. Thus, using 2019–2023 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) data, this study identified risk factors in asthma, offering a reference for asthma prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 150220 subjects were retrieved from NHIS database (2019–2023). First, data were screened. Participants were divided into two groups: those with asthma and those without. Then, differences in baseline characteristics between two groups were analyzed, and significant variables were selected as candidate variables. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was applied to gain candidate risk factors. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to further screen and gain risk factors. A stratified analysis of risk factors was conducted to identify key risk factors. Finally, a nomogram for asthma prediction was constructed. Results After variable screening, 23680 subjects were attained, including 3919 asthma subjects and 19761 healthy subjects. Variables such as sex and ever smoked were found to be significantly associated with asthma. Seven candidate variables were gained. LASSO analysis yielded seven candidate risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression identified hypertension, body mass index (BMI), sex, and ever-married as significant risk factors. Stratified analysis showed that BMI, sex, and marital status were key risk factors for asthma. A nomogram demonstrated better predictive performance for the condition. Conclusions Three key risk factors associated with asthma were identified. A nomogram with good predictive power was constructed. These findings offered valuable insights for asthma prevention and treatment.