Perspectives on Siting Community Pharmacies at Fuel Stations in Nigeria: A Cross- Sectional Survey

Background Community pharmacies remain key access points for pharmaceutical care, while fuel stations have become convenient commercial hubs. In some countries, pharmacies can be sited within fuel stations but in Nigeria, this model is neither permitted nor expressly prohibited by law. Objectives This study explored stakeholder perceptions of co-locating pharmacies and fuel stations, and implications for service and regulation. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional, mixed-method survey was conducted among 615 pharmacists, 37 industry regulators, 524 fuel station customers, and 27 fuel station managers across Nigeria’s six geo-political zones and the nation’s capital. Using a multistage sampling of respondents, primary data were collected between June and August 2023 with a validated questionnaire. Relevant statute documents were reviewed while 14 regulators were interviewed using an interview guide. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U and Chi-square tests at p < 0.05. Qualitative data were thematically analysed using inductive coding. Result Pharmacists expressed positive perception of co-locating pharmacies and fuel stations, expressing concern for medicines’ integrity (H = 590.66 (df = 3), p = 0.000*). Customers and managers supported the innovation, perceiving no disruptions to workflow (X ²  = 11.450, df = 4, p = 0.022). Regulators expressed willingness to explore the model, noting international precedence, foreseeing no significant regulatory conflicts (H = 7.851, df = 2, p = 0.02), but demanded strict safety measures and operational guidelines. Conclusion Stakeholders supported co-locating community pharmacies and fuel stations, though with safety concerns. Policy reforms, a fit-for-context regulatory framework, and safety guidelines are recommended before implementation in Nigeria.