Analysis of Influencing Factors for Incisional Surgical Site Infection after Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery and Construction of a Prediction Model

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. Laparoscopic surgery has become the preferred treatment due to its minimally invasive advantages, but postoperative incisional surgical site infection (I-SSI) still significantly affects patient prognosis. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for incisional infection after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery and construct a risk prediction model to provide a basis for precise clinical prevention. Clinical data of 919 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer at Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from February 2018 to February 2022 were retrospectively collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to screen infection-related risk factors. A nomogram prediction model was constructed using R software, and the model performance was evaluated by ROC curve and calibration curve. Results showed that the incidence of incisional infection among 919 patients was 6.0%. Multivariate analysis indicated that diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.05), hypoproteinemia (OR = 3.52), high BMI (OR = 1.10), emergency surgery (OR = 0.35), and longitudinal incision (OR = 2.32) were independent risk factors, while preoperative prophylactic use of antibiotics (OR = 0.44) and incision length greater than the shortest tumor diameter (especially with a difference of 1–2 cm, OR = 0.35) were protective factors. The constructed nomogram model had an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI = 0.70–0.82), with a sensitivity of 0.70 and specificity of 0.83, and good calibration effect. This study identifies key influencing factors for incisional infection after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, and the established nomogram model has moderate predictive performance (AUC = 0.76), providing a scientific basis for personalized surgical planning and infection prevention.