Anticancer Potential of Portunus sanguinolentus Extract Against Cervical Cancer Cells: A Biochemical and Molecular Docking Investigation

Introduction Cervical cancer, primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), remains a significant health burden, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounting for 70–80% of cases, often linked to high-risk HPV types 16 and 18. Current treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have limitations, driving the search for targeted therapies. This study explores the anticancer potential of Portunus sanguinolentus (crab shell) extract on HeLa cells, focusing on its bioactive compounds, antioxidant properties, and ability to inhibit cancer cell growth. These findings provide a foundation for developing novel therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer. Material and Methods In the study crab shells were collected and powdered for ethanol extraction. Bioactive compounds were screened via biochemical analysis & GC-MS. Molecular docking was done to reveal γ-sitosterol binding with RPA receptors. Antioxidant properties were evaluated using a DPPH assay. Cytotoxic effects on HeLa and liver cells were assessed through MTT assays, demonstrating concentration-dependent HeLa suppression with minimal toxicity to normal liver cells. Result Analysis identified glycosides, alkaloids, and steroids, with γ-sitosterol showing the longest retention time. γ-Sitosterol exhibited significant anticancer properties. Molecular docking revealed its strong binding affinity with the RPA receptor. Cytotoxicity studies showed moderate HeLa cell suppression in a concentration-dependent manner through the MTT assay, while exhibiting minimal toxicity to liver cells, highlighting the extract’s potential as an anticancer agent. Conclusion The findings highlight the biochemical makeup and molecular interactions of Portunus sanguinolentus extract's remarkable therapeutic potential against cervical cancer, indicating that it should be further studied for cancer therapy procedures.