Study on Volatility Effects during Multiple Periods of Intense Gold Price Fluctuations Based on Fractal Theory

This study systematically investigates the volatility effects during multiple periods of intense fluctuations in gold prices by employing fractal geometry and multifractal theory. By calculating the Hurst exponent and applying multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA), the research uncovers both fractal and multifractal characteristics of gold price volatility. Furthermore, the co-fractal dynamics between gold prices and other major metal assets are explored. In addition, a machine learning-based forecasting model is constructed to predict both the direction and magnitude of gold price volatility, thus providing valuable insights for investors and financial market participants.