Frequency-Controlled Energy Absorption in Parametric Mixing

This work presents the theory and experimental demonstrations of frequency-controlled energy absorption in parametric mixing circuits which may find applications in the design of tunable notch filters and frequency-selective surfaces. A time-varying capacitance model is used to describe the energy exchange among the pump, signal, and idler frequencies in parametric mixing circuits. Analytical derivations reveal that under specific frequency ordering, the system exhibits a positive conductance at the signal frequency that is corelated with the pump frequency, leading to measurable energy absorption. A fabricated on-chip circuit operating between 1.3–2.3 GHz serves as a physical analog of the theoretical model, experimentally validating the predicted energy transfer behavior. The results establish a unified framework linking circuit-level phenomena to the fundamental physics of energy redistribution in parametric systems.