Production of cytotoxic secondary metabolites from Paecilomyces maximusPQ584815 biotransformation using garlic peel

The researches of garlic peel had identified multiple content of bioactive compounds. This research highlights the importance of garlic peels and marine fungal strain Paecilomyces maximus PQ584815 in producing secondary metabolites as an effective anticancer and its potential use for therapeutic drug applications, also provides a use and economic value to this by-product, and reduction of waste and the environmental impact of the industry.Marine fungal strain Paecilomyces maximus PQ584815 was isolated, identified by 18S rDNA gene and tested for producing secondary metabolites using garlic peels as substrate.Optimization of secondary metabolites production was achieved through Plackett-Burman design (PBD) to identify components of medium, which were optimized using Central composite design (CCD). Maximum metabolites activity was 416.15% under certain conditions. Statistical analysis demonstrated that CCD improved secondary metabolites productivity 2.47 times more than Plackett-Burman design and 3.5 times to initial production medium. Five compounds the first report, were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of fungal filtrate: Phytol, Protocatechuic acid, 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone and 3′,4′,5,7-Tetra-O-methylquercetin, using chromatographic techniques and were identified spectroscopically and by comparing data with those previously reported in literature. The extract and compounds were examined in vitro against liver, colorectal, breast human cancer cells and normal skin fibroblast cell lines using lactate dehydrogenase assay. Cancer cells were inhibited by all compounds in dose-dependent manner, selectively active on colon. Their cytotoxicity on cancer cells are much greater than on normal cells relative to doxorubicin.