Factors influencing implementation of the screen-and-treat single-visit approach for cervical cancer screening in Ilala Municipal Council, Dar es Salaam Tanzania: a qualitative study

Background Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Tanzania. To address this burden, the Ministry of Health adopted the Screen-and-Treat Single Visit Approach (ST-SVA), which involves screening with Visual Inspection using Acetic Acid (VIA) and providing same-day treatment for precancerous lesions. Despite its effectiveness, little is known about the factors influencing its implementation. Methods A qualitative phenomenological design was employed to two health facilities that is Mnazi Moja Hospital and Amana Regional Referral Hospitals in Ilala Municipal Council, Dar es Salaam. Nine healthcare providers were purposively selected and interviewed using semi structured interview guides. Data were analyzed thematically, with the support of NVivo 14 software. Results The study identified four key factors affecting the implementation of the screen-and-treat approach. Providers demonstrated varied interpretations of screening guidelines, sometimes extending services to younger women considered at higher risk. Women’s acceptance of same-day treatment was shaped by post-treatment abstinence requirements, fears and misconceptions about procedures, and the influence of peers or family members. Service delivery was further constrained by limited refresher training, staff shortages, and reliance on on-the-job learning. In addition, dependence on donor support and frequent equipment breakdowns disrupted continuity of services. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the implementation of the screen-and-treat single-visit approach in Ilala is influenced by factors at the provider, client, and health system levels. Strengthening provider training, enhancing follow-up support for women, and ensuring reliable and sustainable supply chains are essential steps to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of cervical cancer prevention efforts in Tanzania.